刮痧

【原谅我的超长定语】 （～￣▽￣～）十多年了，一直想看，却今天才真正去看。

没有辜负这些年的期待，是一部好片子。

个人感觉本片突出中美文化差异，主要表现在男主角身上，许大同虽然留美8年，一口流利的英语（虽然听起来发音不标准，但是丝毫不影响沟通），还有标准的美国生活和工作圈子。

但是他和父亲、儿子之前的关系处理起来，还是像一个传统的中国人，这与他开头获奖时候说他成为一个美国人，其实是恰恰相反的。

美国人有美国人之爱，中国人有中国人之爱。

爱的方式大相径庭，但是没有绝对的哪种好，哪种坏。

他们只是两种不同方式的爱，但是，源头，都是爱。

我很喜欢剧中一句台词，男主许大同，在把老爷子送到机场时候，老爷子说“生活就是这样，什么事情都可能发生，你躲是躲不开的”。

其实很平实的一句话，但也道出了老爷子一辈子领悟出的人生的真谛。

无论你是接受的哪里的文化，终究，做一个勇敢的人，敢于面对人生，才是真实的人生。

当我怀着好奇的心态去看《刮痧》时，心情好像过山车一样，感到不解，感到气愤，感到沉重，感到欣慰。

其中，给我感受最深的是中西方文化之间的差异，让我体会到中国文化在传播过程中的艰辛，它们不被接受，甚至被曲解。

《刮痧》这部影片主要讲述了丹尼斯因为肚子疼，爷爷就用刮痧的方法给他治疗，一天，丹尼斯不小心磕破了额头，医生在给他治疗的过程中发现了他身上留有的刮痧痕迹，认为许大同夫妻对孩子实行了暴力，进而展开了一系列事情。

看完这部电影，心情久久不能平静，让我们感受到文化和传播的相互影响：一方面是文化对传播的影响，表现在文化的维护等方面，文化的维模功能对传播的影响具有两面性：当外来文化有利于原来文化模式的维护时，即可以增进传播的发生；而当外来文化对原来文化模式具有破坏性的时候，则限制不同文化圈之间的交流和沟通。

在影片中，在第二次与法官交流的过程中，儿童福利局的律师列举了许大同许多表现暴力倾向的事件，如简宁生产时，由于胎位不正等原因，许大同要求保大人，在许大同的眼中，这是人之常情的事，孩子没有了，还会有的，但是大人没了，就真的一切都没了，然而这种思想在传播到西方思想中，他们认为这是不尊重儿童的表现，破坏了美国对儿童保护的法律。

同时还列举了张飞和孙悟空，在中国，张飞和孙悟空是英雄人物的象征，许大同将他们设计在游戏之中，传播中国文化，让西方人能够进一步了解中国文化，展现中国人有勇有谋、英勇无畏、敢于反抗的精神，而在美国人看来，这类人物放在游戏中，他们作为一种外来文化，充满了血腥、暴力，对本国原有文化倡导的保护孩子，让孩子树立正确的价值观和道德规范背道而驰，美国人对于这个就进行批判、反抗，在片头的时候，还出现了游行示威的活动。

另一方面是传播对文化的影响，表现在传播中的文化震惊等方面，文化震惊指的是生活在某一个文化圈中的人，当他首次接触到另一种文化模式时所产生的思想上的混乱与心理上的压力。

在影片中，当医生和护士发现丹尼斯身上留有的刮痧痕迹时，医生和护士震惊了，他们立刻打电话给儿童福利局，认为许大同夫妻对孩子实行了暴力，这刮痧的痕迹就是家庭暴力活生生的证据，与他们国家制定的对儿童的保护相违背，要求孩子的监护权由儿童福利局拥有，同时，许大同也震惊了，刮痧作为中国的传统治疗方法，拥有悠久的历史，代代相传，在他的眼中，这是一件习以为常的事，而且自己以前也进行了多次刮痧的治疗，现在竟然被说成是虐待儿童，让他气愤，觉得不可思议，许大同的律师约翰•昆兰在看到那几张刮痧的照片，也认为许大同有虐待儿童的行为，法官让许大同拿出证据证明刮痧是一种治疗方法，但是这种传统方法是无法用语言来形容的，许大同感到很无奈。

还有一次，保罗和丹尼斯打架了，许大同要求丹尼斯道歉，丹尼斯不愿意，许大同就当着约翰•昆兰的面打了丹尼斯，约翰•昆兰对于这种行为震惊了，而这种教育方法在许大同看来是正常的对孩子要进行适当的严厉教育，同时也是给约翰•昆兰的一种交代，对他们给予尊重的表现。

但是文化观念的不同，这样的行为会使人震惊，让人曲解。

这部影片表现了两种不同的文化，许大同的观念方法代表着中国的文化，美国律师等人代表着西方的文化，它们在传播过程中发生的矛盾冲突，让我们感受到文化和传播的相互影响，也让我们看到了赫尔德尔在《人类历史哲学概要》中说的，文化有明显的边界，文化作为一个区域的文化，它总是明显区别于其他区域的文化。

可喜的是，最后法官撤销了对许大同进行的处罚，这在某种意义上，表现了中国文化在被西方文化了解，接受，这是文化传播的一大进步。

由《刮痧》想到的中国和欧美文化的差异：第一、孩子是谁的?国家的，还是家族的？

显然，美国认为孩子是国家的，而中国认为是家族的。

这也是为什么当大同把孩子自己撂在家里的时候，他很清楚，在美国的那种环境下，他已经触犯了当地的法律，对比前几天的小月月事件，当人们反思路人的冷漠的时候，有些人也开始对准了小月月父母的监管不力，应该说是个不小的进步。

为什么中国认为孩子是家族的呢？

我觉得这和中国两千多年的宗族制度是有关的，中国是一个传统的宗族制国家，联系国家的纽带是一个个的宗族，而父系氏族下姓氏的关联就使得孩子就是家族的私有财产。

而美国，是相信天赋人权的，孩子，首先是一个自然人，然后才是你们家族的孩子，这样的话，孩子就有他的各项权利，任何人不得侵犯，包括孩子的父母，如果受到侵犯，那么任何人，必将受到法律的严惩！

孩子是国家的未来，这也是为什么美国的黄色校车在道路上有着如此大的特权，一切以孩为第一。

第二、父母有没有体罚孩子的权利？

美国，没有，或者说，有管教的权利，但是不能虐待，或者打孩子。

而，中国，父母是有打骂孩子的权利的，就如，大同的父亲说的，打是亲，骂是爱，不打不骂不成材，当丹丹说，那我打保罗就是我爱他了，爷爷的解释就说不通了。

那为什么美国人认为不可以打孩子，而中国人确认为打骂孩子是理所应当，棍棒下出孝子呢？

美国的话，我想还是和他们的自由人权是分不开的，当然，也可以试着从宗教的角度来解释下，中国，还是上面说的，是一个传统的宗族制的熟人社会，从三纲五常到养不教父之过，再到古代的犯罪连坐制度，都大大赋予了家长来管教或者用暴力的方式来管理家族的权利，在古代，子女因为犯了族规，被父母给处以极刑的比比皆是。

并且，中国人认为孩子是自己血脉的延续，在影片中，大同也提及到了，那么既然是自己血脉延续的话，就会是自己生命的一部分，那么我对我自己来进行暴力的管教的话，我自己也会心疼，这是我自己的事情，用不着别人来指手画脚。

当然，这有延伸出一个问题，就是自己有结束自己生命或者自虐的权利吗？

这就涉及到如安乐死之类的另一个哲学问题了。

第三、法大，还是理大？

在美国，法大，虽然各个州有着各种稀奇古怪的法律，而在当下的中国，或者，在电影中那个时代的中国人来说，是理要大一些的。

法大，就是一切以法律为标准，以制度为规范，此种情况是，是把人作为恶的来假设的，人是不可靠的，只有制度可靠，只有证据可靠，所以当大同慷慨陈词，都快要把法官给感动了，但是当对大同的不利证据出现时，法官还是站着证据这方面。

而儿童监护中心的女负责人，虽然感觉他的下属做的不对，有引导激怒大同咆哮公堂的行为，但是从证据上找不到瑕疵，虽然她知道，在此事情上，是没有赢家的，从内心也深深的同情孩子，但是她能做的也只是沉默，而到最后有了新的有力证据的时候，她就在第一时间去找法官要求翻案。

而中国则偏重于情理的多一些，比如说，我们去医院看病，去政府部门办事，会首先想到托人找关系，而流程或者规章制度怎看的不是那么重了，而上访或者期待青天大老爷的出现，则更是民族的悲哀，不是寄希望于良好的制度而是寄希望于某个人的出现，人非圣贤孰能无过。

也正是因为中国人情的作用，使得GUANXI一词出现在英文中，作为外国人研究中国的舶来词。

当然，这是不是说，在美国就完全不讲人情呢，我想不是的，个人老是认为美国的陪审团制度是最具人情味的，因为它是找了不同的社会人群来充当社会陪审员，多方的博弈来促使法律的公正。

或者说白了，中国的人情世故更倾向于一种隐晦的潜规则，不可说，而美国的法律，则更是倾向于一种公开的讨论。

各方权利的制衡使得法律变得更公开公正透明。

When a member of one culture produces a message for consumption by a member of another culture, intercultural communication occurs, which is a kind of communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinctive enough to alter the communication event. People are alike and different. We carry our culture with us wherever we go, and it influences how we respond to the people we meet.The leading man in the movie Gua Sha Treatment has been in America for eight years as a new immigrant. At the beginning of this movie, the man, Datong addressed a speech in American way to show his love to America and American dream. It seemed that he has gained great success in the American mainstream society. Yet it was just an exaggeration of his success when used to make the comparison with the ensuing events. Datong and his wife were born and raised in China, while their son was a Chinese American. They taught their son in American way and spoke English all the time. In the celebration, we can find Datong was praised and encouraged by his boss, who can be taken as a representative of the mainstream business. At the party, because of the quarrel between the two children, the son, Dennis was beaten by his father, which is just a very common action in Chinese culture. The grandfather of Dennis also admitted the way of education. Because the other boy is the son of his boss, Datong gave his son a lesson to show his respect to the boss, who can not understand it at all. The boss was shocked and accepted it temporarily. In American culture, individualism is the key point of American cultural pattern, even between the father and the son. But in Chinese cultural pattern, fathers have the right or responsibility to educate the sons, no matter in a legal way or his personal way. We tend to take it as family privacy, instead of family violence or child abuse. In traditional Chinese culture, family conflict is often solved between family members and it’s a shame to spread family conflict outside of the house, while in America, the law and regulations make the difference.There was a very plain role in this movie, Lao Huo, the man who acted terra-cotta warrior, which was a loser in pursuing American dream compared with Datong. There were only the daily life and death of Lao Huo in this movie, which reflected the pursuit and struggling of an ordinary person in America. The death of him made the father of Datong think a lot, which was a clue to tell us the old man will return to China finally. According to the two different results of pursuing American dream, two different result of cultural conflict revealed.After the Gua Sha treatment rendered by the grandfather, Datong and his wife accepted it because of their Chinese culture background and the previous experience. It’s natural for the couple to keep the accident of child abuse secret to their father. And Datong confessed it was he who gave the treatment to the child, although his wife showed a little reluctance and hesitance. Actually his father gave the Gua Sha treatment to the son. There was an obvious culture difference in the episode. Chinese people behave on the basis of experience, while American act with the reference to the specific evidence. It’s praiseworthy for Datong to be a scapegoat for his father. In Chinese traditional culture, the law is important but sometimes affection counts. It’s dutiful and responsible to reduce the pains of parents both in China and America. If Datong admitted his father gave the treatment to the child and his to father will be accused by the court. Although it’s lawful, it’s unfilial in Chinese culture, which is an unforgivable fault.Chinese view on interpersonal relationship network has been illustrated richly in this movie. When Datong needed a lawyer to help him, he sought help of his friend, who is actually not a lawyer of family law, but copyright law. Because of the lack of legal knowledge and the good relationship between them, Datong insisted on his help. Before the hearing commenced, Datong’s wife asked why the court was not the same as she saw before on TV. The tiny episode accounted for the difference between the judicial systems. Because Datong was in trouble, he turned to his friend for help, regardless of his professional field. Chinese weak legal consciousness was also criticized and satirized in this movie and Datong’s family became victims of culture shock. Although Gua Sha treatment is common and effective in China, we never tried to understand how it worked. We learned our culture from folk tales, mass media, and education. Culture is transmitted from generation to generation, so we never question the therapy. Everyone is a product of his own culture, it’s undoubted for American to have nothing idea about the treatment. But we can also find strong prejudice and ethnocentrism of America in the response to the case.The trial of this child abuse case could be regarded as the climax of this film. Datong’s family fights against the charge, which is an intense conflict between the Chinese and American cultures. Traditional medical treatment cannot be proved and admitted. They have no interest in proving why Gua Sha treatment is advisable but tried to prove how much the couple loves their son. The judgment and condemnation are just based on the scratch, the judge never showed a fair and sensible attitude to the medical treatment. Chinese classical book Journey to the West is considered from the negative perspective, even though the accuser knew it was wrong. The malicious and deliberated objection described American competition and materialism. The aim of the dispute is just for the victory in the court, regardless of the wicked ways. The prejudice and discrimination are two apparent obstacles in the intercultural communication. Moreover, the ethnocentrism of America was also perceivable. The judge and the accuser never showed justice to Datong’s rebuttal. Because of the ignorance of the treatment, they were very indifferent and pride to Datong’s statement. This uncooperative attitude made this event worse. It seems all of them are well-educated and civilized, but the communication problems repeatedly arose. Both of the parties held respective strong cultural background and different values, which have implemented enormous impact.Additionally, the stereotyping to Chinese or easterners are mentionable. When Datong said he hit his son to save his boss’ face, to make him feel better. The boss felt it was twisted and absurd. When Datong said it was a common sense to save his wife rather than the child, the female accuser said, your Orientals are barbarian. Stereotypes were a means of organizing our images into fixed and simple categories that we use to stand for the entire collection of people. In most distances, stereotypes are the products of limited, lazy, and misguided perceptions. In the movie, some Americans never delete their confirmation bias and tend to put Chinese to shame. Then, the failure in intercultural communication occurs. According to Hall’s high-context and low-context communication, the Asian mode of communication is often indirect and implicit, whereas western communication tends to be direct and explicit-that is, everything needs to be stated. Westerners are more prone to making very explicit statements and have little capability with nonverbal forms of expression. High-context cultures tend to be more aware of their surroundings and their environment and do not rely on verbal communication as their main information channel. According to the analysis of the movie, we can find the difference between high-context and low-context communication. At the beginning, Datong’s wife disliked the grandfather’s smoking, but she said nothing directly and opened the window. Certainly the grandfather understood it easily. On the contrary, Americans often get permission first. And if they want to show the objection, they spoke it out. But it’s not impolite and respectful to ask the elder not to do something. When Chinese show their anger, it is also implicit. Datong was very angry to his boss, because he has thought his boss would help him on this issue. Datong hoped his boss to support him, but the fact that the boss told everything straightforward, which was unfavorable to Datong. In Datong’s view, they were friends and it’s responsible for the boss to help him and he took the frankness of his boss as a kind of betrayal. He was unwilling to work there any more and planned to quit that job after no discussion with his boss. It’s normal to a Chinese man to show his anger and express their spilt relationship. From the perspective of the American, it has nothing to do with their friendship. It’s reasonable and lawful to tell the judge all the truth. They don’t show personal emotions in the business and persuaded Datong to work, which is a way to show his kindness and concern. The ending of this movie is happy and warm. The boss understood Gua Sha treatment and Datong’s family gained reunion on the important western festival. No matter in East or West, family reunion and family love are enjoyable and happy. In the end, the grandfather educated and taught his son again. It was warm and moving because we can feel the father’s love; no matter he expressed his love explicitly or implicitly. The grandfather left America because he found it was troublesome and upset for a person like him to live in the Western culture. It was a failure for an elderly like him in intercultural communication, and it was a success for the young generation in America.The last episode in the movie was the boy’s learning mandarin, which was a strong contrast to the beginning of the movie, where the boy was educated to speak English to prepare for the competition of the future. No culture is more advanced than others and cultural diversity should be advocated and protected. Human brain is an open system and supposed to appreciate the diversity.Finally, the name of the leading man in this movie, “Datong”, is also a Chinese Confucian classical term, which means great harmony. Obviously, the name was created with the implied meaning. “Datong” society is the perfect and ideal society in Confucianism, which conveyed the hope and wish of the movie producers. Although there are so many different countries, cultures, systems, races, etc, it’s a pursuit to build such kind of harmonious society without discrimination, prejudice, conflict, war…

I have heard of this movie for many times since I seen it last week. Till now, I am still confused by the concept that “difference and discrimination “, which are conveyed by this movie. There are so many cultural gaps shown in this movie. Ways of child education, value of friendship and concept of familial affection, all of these Chinese traditions torture Da Tong, the leading role of this film, and his family during their assimilation into American culture. All the disasters are triggered by a Chinese traditional medical treatment－Gua Sha. Because of a awful scar on Dennis’(Da Tong’s son) back left by Gua Sha, the child protecting organization accuses Da Tong with child abuse and Da Tong is deprived of the custody right, then the whole family go divided. Most people regard Da Tong’s family tragedy as misunderstand resulted from cultural difference. However, I have another peep on it. I have to say I was shocked by the scar at the first sight since I haven’t known about Gua Sha either, but as soon as I know that it’s really a tradition treatment, I rest assure my worry. I can sympathize the American’s shock caused by the horrific scar and accept their legal action at the very beginning, which is the only thing can be regard as cultural difference in my point of view. Nevertheless what they do after their initial action is motivated by racial discrimination rather than cultural difference, which I have to point out. I have several reasons for this.Firstly, after the first hearing, they can know that how much Da Tong care about his son and get a brief idea about Gua Sha. I am even quite outraged about the American civil servants’ scrimshank when they bring an accusation against Da Tong to deprive his custody right. The most important point Da Tong pose on the hearing is Gua Sha treatment, but they seem to “forget” it that maybe the main cause of that scar since I haven’t seen they do any research on GuaSha in their following investigation. Secondly, When it comes to finding witness, the witnesses they find are Da Tong’s boss and janitor and even the midwife. How ridiculous is that! I mean the witnesses they find have seldom or even never talked to Dennis. How do they know or they sure about the relation between Da Tong and his son Dennis? If I am the investigator, I would find Dennis’ teachers as witness cause the time they spend with this child is only less than his parents. Last but not the least, they totally “forget” the “victim” of this case. Although I don’t familiar with US law, I suppose Dennis’ opinion in this case should be taken into account which maybe a most valuable one since he is the very person who knows what happens to himself most. In private or public, they should inquire the child himself about the situation goes on him. Regretfully, I haven’t ever seen them do so .To conclude, this series of matter was mostly caused by racial discrimination rather than cultural difference, I finally confirm.PS: This article was written in one year ago for my "English Culture Class". Hope to find someone to share a view on it.

Most of us grow up with a strong depressor of American dream, which encourages thinking big and struggling for it. The so-called American dream shows us that all people can succeed through their hard work, and that all people have the potential to live successful lives. They firmly believe that America is a real paradise where one deserves his own behaviors without any imparity of race, family, fortune etc. However, is this sort of dream as perfect as we image? Well, the movie Guasha Treatment shows the other side of the ‘dramatic dream'. Life could never be so easy and sometimes even a tiny thing could be a fuse of big trouble. In the movie we couldn't simply say that it's just someone's fault, but,in fact,it's a kind of certainty--the certainty of cultural difference between China and America.Just like the beginning of the movie, because of the quarrel between the two children, the son, Dennis was beaten by his father, which is just a very common action in Chinese culture. The grandfather of Dennis also admitted the way of education. Because the other boy is the son of his boss, Datong gave his son a lesson to show his respect to the boss, who can not understand it at all. The boss was shocked and accepted it temporarily. In American culture, individualism is the key point of American cultural pattern, even between the father and the son. But in Chinese cultural pattern, fathers have the right or responsibility to educate the sons, no matter in a legal way or his personal way. We tend to take it as family privacy, instead of family violence or child abuse. In traditional Chinese culture, family conflict is often solved between family members and it's a shame to spread family conflict outside of the house, while in America, the law and regulations make the difference. What's more,the main line of the movie--Guasha,which is a Chinese traditional medical curing methods, is good for blood circulation and strengthen our body. However, it is unscientific in America and difficult for American to understand how it works.That's lead to the the dramatic ensuing events.Well, from the moment of our birth, the cultural into which we are born shape our experience and behaviour. By the time we can talk, we are the little creature of our culture,and by the time we are grown and able to take part in its activities, its belifes are we belifes.That's lead to the culture difference between China and America.We can't avoid the cultural difference or ignore its existence.But what we should do is to take respect to the other cultures and make consideration to the other people form the bottom of our heart, and only in this way can we have a ‘Datong’ society,which both the America dream and the Chinese dream are respected in the world.

　　每个人，每个民族，每个国家都有属于自己的文化，文化与文化间的迥然差异必 然会带来个人行为思想的不同，世界是个多元化的世界，当东西方文化相遇时，对于某个文化现象，我们能做出是非判断吗？

文化与文化之间本身就存在的冲突，马克思是用他的哲学辩证法向我们展示了矛盾存在的普遍性吗？

为何总是要有绝对的是非曲直的判断标准呢？

　　　　在美国人看来，中国人打孩子是虐待儿童的表现，把孩子单独留在家也算犯法，那我只能说，美国的法律还真是考虑周全，所有细微的细节都被立法的人想到了，所以不得不佩服现代人类先进的智慧，还有美国那伟大的法律系统。

　　不是完全否定美国的法律，但凡事过犹不及。

密密麻麻的法律文件，一套套繁琐的法律程序体制，是为了体现出美国是个人权主义的法治社会国家吗？

　　刮痧，在中国盛行2000多年，可就因为没有美国人所谓的科学依据，就这样被否定了，从而打破了一个美好家庭的宁静。

在陌生的文化环境中，我们几千年来熟悉的文化传统就这样被人曲解，不知道这是有意还是偶然误解。

　　影片中最经典的场面必然是男主角许大同在第二次听证会上与原告律师争执那场戏。

我的心情也随着男主角的激动而激动。

当一直以来作为你心目中的神话英雄人物被别人说成恶魔，并且曲解了他的价值观与传统道德时，作为一个中国人怎能忍受？

更何况那是中国人所信仰的正义的化身。

　　如果可以，我想换个角色来说，当被西方人认为是天父，帮助他们脱离苦海的神-耶稣，被人曲解为是个完全意义上的蒙骗者和怯懦者，他们会是什么感觉？

还要继续保持他们的理性主义、他们的冷静吗？

　　他们以自己的文化思维方式来审视中国的文化传统，中国的教育方式，偏执的认为自己坚持的一定是真理。

但，“真理”一词何解？

什么才是真理？

是以那些尘封不动的毫无感情的白纸黑字为基准吗？

美国一直在强调自己是个人权主义的国家，那么请问毁掉一个幸福美满的和谐家庭，也是人权社会所必须的吗？

　　全世界所说的多元化融合在哪？

尊重各国的文化传统的方式又在哪？

指给我看。

　　近年来，美国一直在说中国没有人权，那么请问什么是你们的人权是表现哪些方面？

是否只要是美国法律没规定的，那都不是人权？

为什么美国人总是以他们认为的来限制其他国家的文化，甚至其他的人的思想与行为？

《刮痧》这部电影，很好的向我们展示了，何谓美国的人权，何谓西方人的文化。

东方文化有上千年的历史传承，岂能是你一纸法律所能明白与了解的。

　　我只能说，人权有多远，你们就滚多远吧。

在中国，父亲管教孩子动手打人是非常普遍的。

说不定等你看完这部电影，下楼买宵夜就瞧见小超市老板拎着自家熊孩子耳朵大声训斥不准他在马路边上踢球，回屋上楼又听见贪玩的小姑娘作业没写正被家长一顿“竹笋炒肉”伺候着。

呃，没错，外国友人们，这就是中国。

他们爱孩子宠孩子，但遇到某些原则问题，还是会用着流传两千年的祖宗家法教育孩子。

正如小孩丹尼斯的爷爷所说：“打是亲骂是爱，不打不骂不成材！

”丹尼斯的爸爸许大同就是在这种文化背景下成长起来的，如今他现在也成为一位五岁男孩的父亲，他也奉行祖辈多年的严厉教育。

在孩子犯事并且顶撞他人的时候，他狠狠地给了孩子一耳刮子。

既是一个父亲对孩子的惩罚，也是维护上司的面子以表尊敬。

如果他的老板是中国人，那就自然深知下属的婉转示好，暗地里或许夸许先生是个聪明人。

然而这番作为在美国本土长大的昆兰先生那里却收效甚微，甚至令其疑惑不解。

恰巧许爸给肚子痛的丹尼斯做了刮痧，背上还未消退的红痕被人发现，值班医生大惊失色之下判断小孩遭受家庭虐待遂报警。

几番折腾之下，原本幸福美满的家庭演变成许先生不得不和妻儿分离，并被禁止探视。

看到这儿的时候，我有好几次红了眼圈。

不就是个刮痧吗尼玛至于吗？

然而往深了想，对于天真无知的孩子来说，这法律是起到了极大的保护作用，它会让那些遭受父母真正毒打受虐的孩子回到天堂。

当然，如果运行这条法律的人都有悲天悯人之心的话。

许先生答应丹尼斯圣诞之夜会回来看他，门卫不允许，他就攀着下水道管一路上去，只为了见一见自己活泼可爱的儿子。

片头外的我也被这父爱感动，深怕他会一脚踩空掉了下来，有好几次心都被提得高高的。

结局是HE，真真是喜大奔普啊！

写在前面：这是我跨文化交际课的作业，当案例分析看吧。

影片《刮痧》向我们展示了华人在美国由于法律制度和社会习惯等的不同而产生的一系列冲突。

这种冲突可以称作中国式与美国式的冲突，以下是我观看完影片后的一点感受。

可以说，整部电影的戏剧冲突都是由于剧中人物由于跨文化交际里的冲突而产生的。

整部电影如同一部放大镜，将中美文化差异上的冲突呈现给观众。

中国和美国两大文明在历史、宗教、社会组织和语言上的不同密切地影响着整部电影角色的跨文化交际过程。

影片里的男主角许大同只身闯美，将自己置身于以欧洲裔中产阶级男性白人所代表的美国文化之中，在美国的众多群体里面，亚裔群体的亚文化地位在美国社会里面往往处于弱势地位，这一点也为影片中许大同因为找不到官方承认的医生为刮痧的合理性做出证明而导致官司的败诉埋下了伏笔。

影片在这里也反映出了剧中人物并没有重视所有文化群体的平等性。

影片中由于跨文化交际所引起的语言、交际风格、非语言行为、思维模式、社会准则和价值观等方面的差异也均有体现。

在法庭上，许大同尝试自己向法官解释刮痧疗法的原理，但是他的语言里所用的“气”“丹田”“五脏六腑”等中医术语在那个时候并不为美国人所接受，但是这些词语在中国人看来却是习以为常。

在中国人的认知体系里面这些词语不能说是通达谙练，但至少也是略有耳闻。

许大同一直坚持刮痧只不过是传统中医疗法，他一直在说这是中国的什么什么，但他没有想过在中国合法合理的事情在美国就不见得合法合理了，而他现在就是在美国。

在交际风格上，从小就受到美式文化教育的丹尼斯毫不顾忌的就给朋友说“我爷爷放屁特别响”，这一点在中国文化里面被视为是对长辈的不尊重。

中国人对于长辈的尊重也能在影片里由许大同对父亲的报喜不报忧表现了出来。

对于自己开发的游戏获奖，他特意把父亲从中国接来见证，但是对于丹尼斯因为刮痧的痕迹而导致儿童福利局怀疑大同虐待丹丹，要把丹丹带走，还导致这一家深陷法律纠纷的事却只字不提。

在思维模式方面，中国人认为请自己的熟人帮忙是一件习以为常的事情，自己的朋友遇到自己深陷纠纷也应该帮着自己说话。

而在美国，人们选择帮自己办事情的人的标准是他的职业素质，美国人考虑他有没有能力把这件事做好，是不是这方面的专家，而不是首先考虑是不是自己的熟人。

影片一开始许大同当着老板的面打了丹尼斯也是影片里中美文化差异在教育小孩这一方面的表现，当许大同给老板说这是给他面子，老板却觉得这套逻辑是不可理喻的。

在其它方面，影片一开场就有一群人因为反对电子游戏暴力化而上街游行，在西方国家人们可以为了任何事情上街游行，只是因为“宪法规定的那一套言论自由”。

在美国把孩子独自留在家里是违法的，但是在中国这种事情在很多地方是习以为常。

这部影片表现了两种不同的文化，许大同的观念方法代表着中国的文化，美国律师等人代表着西方的文化，它们在传播过程中发生的矛盾冲突。

但是跨文化交际是一种挑战，更是一种收获，因为跨文化交际中充满了误解，失败是冲突，所以成功的跨文化交际并不是件容易的事情，但是矿化交际又是一种能给人带来深刻变化的活动，跨文化交际的经历使人们具有更开阔的视野，更丰富的阅历，更成熟的性格，更复杂的思维，更宽容的态度。

我们可以通过跨文化交际，更加深刻地感受到世界上存在着不同的人生，并且学会理解和欣赏这种文化上的差异。

今天偶然翻出中学时期写的日记本，里面有一篇《刮痧》的观后感，虽然对电影已经记得不是那么清楚了，以现在的角度看来写的也是极其幼稚，但是不做修改、权且当作青春的回忆。

若有看官觉得不对也请轻喷。

在信息不断发展，各国文化在不断交融的社会，文化差异的问题日益明显，在难以理解、融合中会为了冲突。

而《刮痧》中体现了十分典型的文化冲突。

故事发生在美国的一个州，有一位叫做“许大同”的华侨获得了美国某游戏设计奖，他十分高兴并觉得自己已经接近美国本土人民，应该能获得身份认同。

但在这个时候，发生了意想不到的事，这也是故事的第一个冲突——两子相争。

大同的儿子丹尼斯与大同伙伴兼上司约翰昆兰的儿子保罗起了争执甚至打了起来，在这时，大同身在美国却下意识的选择了中国的思考方式，于是为了给朋友面子，不顾及儿子的面子，也不询问原由，就打了儿子并让他给对方道歉。

不愉快的收场后，即使大同选择了给儿子道歉，但依旧秉持和灌输“打是亲骂是爱”的观念，却不曾想让孩子会错了意。

接着一天晚上，老父亲与朋友外出，朋友发病逝去，老父亲被拘留在警局，大同十分惊慌，连忙赶往，这也引出了第二个冲突——在美国，是严禁父母在孩子独自丢在家中，这会被认为是不负责任和对孩子的漠视。

而本以为自己已经彻底成为美国人的大同却忽略了这个问题，故事的帷幕进一步拉开。

妻子简宁，也是丹尼斯的亲生母亲，出于担心便打电话回家，却因此吵醒了孩子，无巧不成书，就在大同赶回家时，丹尼斯在家撞伤了脑袋。

于是，故事的最大冲突点，也是点题的开始——“刮痧”，一个古中医疗法。

当老父亲看到了孙子丹尼斯感冒后，虽然有些刻意，但是表现上是源于传统观念、出于疼爱的爷孙情就为其刮痧，却没想到刮出来的不仅是“痧”，也是麻烦，是中美文化差异的冲突，是跨文化交流中无可避免的难题，更是大同“美国梦”的结束。

因为刮痧会在背上留下红粟状颗粒或暗红色的血点，这对了解“刮痧”的人来说习以为常，对于一般中国观念的人来说也能理解，不是什么刻意伤害，只是医疗效果。

但在存在文化差异乃至对中有所歧视的美国人眼里，对于不明真相而按照美国医疗、法律的医生、律师来说——这是虐待，对孩子的伤害，不能把孩子交给大同抚养，就此隔离了他们，导演在这个镜头里宣泄了对美国人的自以为是、狂妄自大的不满。

回到律师辩证会，由于大同重情义而轻事实，加上对“刮痧”的偏见。

辩论时很不愉快，对方律师百般刁难、恶意曲解以及断章取义，以此激怒大同。

对方带着霸权主义观对中国的歧视，曲解甚至污蔑中国神话英雄孙悟空的行为，一下子点燃了大同，唤起他作为中华儿女的魂，愤怒迷失了双眼，行为的莽撞也正中敌人下怀，导致二审失败。

不难看出大同对中华文化是带着不容侵犯的骨子里的观念，也是在表达文化冲突时，不能一味地莽撞草率、暴力解决，应该要冷静、和平和包容。

之后的大同心灰意冷，而妻子简宁往日累积的怒火爆发，两人争吵、分家，而又不舍、哭泣，为现实而无奈、抱怨不公，老父亲察觉到异常后求助于约翰，同时告诉大同自己想要回北京了。

约翰也前往中国了解刮痧，希望借此帮助大同。

一番周转，约翰将刮痧的真相解释给判决的证人，也帮助大同回家团圆。

故事就到这里，但是并未结束，它仍在生活中继续，因为想《刮痧》里的文化差异和霸权主义带来的冲突还有很多，我们应该更进一步地去了解它们、尊重它们、包容它们，达成共识。

不进行改变，这道裂缝将永远都在。

希望大同般歇斯底里的控诉能减少，而文化霸权注意能得到改善，唯有如此，刮出来的痧才会是不需要的排泄出来的废物，不是血淋淋的冲突。

于2016.10.24